「今日壁纸」卡特迈国家公园和保护区的棕熊妈妈和幼崽,阿拉斯加

发布时间:2022-07-06 07:36:02

卡特迈国家公园和保护区的棕熊妈妈和幼崽,阿拉斯加

© Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Picture

夏天的棕熊

北方的夏天属于棕熊。烈日当空,阿拉斯加的棕熊开始出没,就像卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区(位于安克雷奇西南约418千米)里的这只母熊和幼崽一样。棕熊在阿拉斯加也被称为灰熊。它们在夏季的几个月里能够过完一整年的生活,在几乎永远都是白昼的天空下觅食、嬉戏、战斗和交配。

阿拉斯加的棕熊是世界上最大的棕熊品种,这在很大程度上是因为它们的家园里有丰富的食物。阿拉斯加的夏天生机勃勃,棕熊充分利用这些自然资源,每天吃掉80多斤的食物。这种暴饮暴食的行为能让它们每天增加3至6斤脂肪,以此来帮助它们度过冬季的休眠。对部分棕熊来讲,冬眠可能会持续8个月。从另一方面来讲,这也让它们养成了不挑食的好习惯。它们会吃浆果、花、树根和鱼。此外,像海狸一样的小型哺乳动物和驯鹿等大型哺乳动物也都是它们的食物。这样的饮食帮助它们达到约900斤的体重。科迪亚克岛上已经发现了最大的棕熊。在那里,有大约3500只棕熊的亚种已经与世隔绝生活了近12000年。科迪亚克岛上的熊体重可达1540斤,是它们一些北美和欧亚表亲的3倍。

几个世纪前,棕熊在欧洲、北非、加利福尼亚的大部分地区,甚至是墨西哥地区都经常出现。尽管它们的数量和居住地已经大幅缩减,但世界上仍生活着约20万只棕熊,其中的大部分分布在俄罗斯、加拿大和美国。因此,棕熊是世界上分布范围最广的熊种。它们中最幸运的是在阿拉斯加沿海地带生活的熊。卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区是一个拥有山脉、山谷、湖泊和河流的绿色仙境。因为没有通往该地区的道路,所以人类很难涉足(游客必须使用船或水上飞机才能抵达)。总之,这只棕熊妈妈和它的宝宝居住在熊类的天堂里,生活自由自在。

Brown bear mother and cub in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA

© Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Picture

The bears of summer. Brown bears, Katmai National Park and Preserve, USA

Summer up north belongs to the bears. When the sun reigns, so do the brown bears of the US state of Alaska, like this mother and cub in Katmai National Park and Preserve. Also known here as grizzly bears, the brown bears pack a year of living into the summer months, foraging, feasting, fighting and mating under skies of nearly perpetual daylight.

The Alaskan variety of brown bears are the biggest in the world due, in no small part, to the summer bounty of food found on their home turf. Alaska springs to life in summer, and the bears take full advantage, eating their fill to pile on the pounds ahead of winter hibernation, which can last up to eight months. They’ll eat berries, flowers, roots, fish, small mammals like beaver and big ones like caribou. The biggest are found on Kodiak Island, where a subspecies of about 3,500 bears have lived in isolation for 12,000 years. Kodiak bears can weigh up to 120 stone, three times the weight of some of their North American and Eurasian cousins.

Katmai is a lush wonderland of mountain ranges, valleys, lakes and rivers. There are no roads into the region, keeping pesky humans at bay. (Visitors must use boats or floatplanes.) In short, this mom and baby are living large in bear paradise.

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